Do these tooth look normal? Grossly they don’t look too bad, however dental x-ray reveal major pathologies. In pic 2, there’s significant lysis around the canine teeth and the diseased canine tooth canal is significantly dilated. In pic 3, the diseased canine tooth canal dilation is even more obvious when compared with the other canine […]
Dental Disease part 2 Read More »
This cat was presented for decrease appetite and having oral pain for a week. He was grossly normal on clinical examination so I decided to examine his teeth under general anesthesia(GA). Grossly, the teeth/gum didn’t look too bad. However the pathology was hidden below the gum and within the root/s🦷. Dental xray is essential to
Dental disease – part 1 Read More »
This patient was presented for recurrent cystitis. A double contrast retrograde cystogram was performed and the bladder diverticulum was highlighted. This can predispose patients to recurrent and/or persistent urinary tract infections due to urine stasis and incomplete emptying of urine.
Bladder Diverticulum Read More »
Hematuria is a very common clinical sign and there are many causes including feline idiopathic cystitis, bacterial cystitis, bladder stones🪨, bladder mass etc. Urinalysis and imaging🔬🩻 (X-ray and ultrasound) are essential diagnostic tools to differentiate them. Unfortunately for this patient, there is a bladder mass at the bladder trigone. Traumatic catheterization was then performed to
Transitional cell carcinoma Read More »
Urethral blockage due to bladder stone/s is relatively common in cats and dogs. In this case, there was a bladder stone found in the bladder and another stone within the urethra. Urinary catheterization was performed to push the urethral stone back into the bladder and negative contrast was used to highlight the number of stones.
Bladder/Urethral stones Read More »
Bladder stones are fairly common in pets. Sometimes they don’t show clinical signs. But when they do, the most common presenting signs are increase urge to urinate and/or blood in the urine. Occasionally, they can cause obstruction (which is an emergency)..There are many types of stones , calcium based stone and struvite being the most
Acidic urine will promote calcium oxalate formationThese are examples of calcium oxalate crystals.
Crystalluria- Calcium Oxalate Read More »
Urinalysis (UA) is an important diagnostic test🔬 for Bladder inflammation (Cystitis) to identify the underlying cause. In this patient, UA revealed microscopy crystals ❄️within the urine. When these crystals start to bind together, bladder/kidney stones will form🪨..There are different types of crystals and the most commonly seen crystals are calcium oxalate and struvite. They are
Crystalluria – Struvite Read More »
Bladder inflammation (Cystitis) is a very common condition in cats😿 and dogs🐶. They usually present with bloody urine (hematuria) and frequent urination (pollakiuria). There are many reasons for cystitis including infection🦠, stones/crystals🧱 in the urine or even neoplasia. In order to determine the cause, structural evaluation and cellular evaluation should be performed. Structural evaluation usually
Bacterial cystitis Read More »
