The Pet Parent’s Library

Vulvoplasty is a surgical procedure performed on female dogs to correct a recessed or hooded vulva. This condition occurs when excess skin folds cover the vulva, potentially leading to infections and other complications. The surgery involves removing the excess skin to allow for better hygiene and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections and other issues. 

During a pregnancy ultrasound assessment, we look for foetal heart beat and heart rate.🫀Foetal heart rate gives us a lot of valuable information..Normal foetal heart rates range from 190-220bpm. 💖When it drops to <190bpm, it indicates foetal distress. 💛When it drops to <160bpm, it is an emergency and warrants immediate intervention. ❤️🩹A heart rate <130bpm

Ultrasonography is an excellent tool to detect pregnancy and estimate fetal gestational age.Average length of gestation for cats is about 64 days (range from 52-74 days) 😺and foetus heart beat🫀 generally can be detected at around day 25-38. Counting the number of foetus can sometimes be difficult with ultrasound therefore radiograph🩻 should be performed at

Radiography 🩻 is an excellent tool to reveal pregnancy. Generally, calcification of fetal bone begins as early as 38-40days post-breeding therefore pregnancy might not be detectable by radiograph before that..🆗Radiograph provides information such as:–Number of litters–Litter size–Any conformational abnormality that will prevent the queen having a natural birth..❎However it doesn’t provide information such as:–Estimated gestation

This patient was presented for a rapid growing large mammary mass which extended from the left mammary glands to the right side. Surgical removal of this mass was challenging due to the size of the mass and the skin availability for primary closure after the mass removal. Luckily feline skin is relatively elastic therefore the

Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. The retained testicle/s may be located subcutaneously, in the inguinal canal or in the abdomen. It is also possible to have absence of testicle/s (monorchism and anorchidism). If the retained testicle is in the abdomen, it will not contain sperm since

One of the most common emergency surgery I perform is pyometra surgery. It is a preventable disease by desexing. Any entire female dog/cat are at risk. This is caused by an overwhelming infection in the uterus. The bacteria will then enter the bloodstream and cause sepsis and organ failure.🦠 The clinical signs are excessive discharge