What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) ? Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats, affecting approximately 15% of the general cat population. It is characterized by an abnormal thickening (hypertrophy) of the left ventricular heart muscle. This thickening makes the heart chamber less flexible and less efficient at pumping blood. In most […]
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What is Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease? Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) also known as endocardiosis or degenerative valvular heart disease, is a condition where the heart’s mitral valve—which separates the left chambers—begins to break down. While the exact cause remains unknown, it has a strong inherited component in certain breeds. The disease causes the valve
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Analogy:Pic 1 (normal joint): The rope (cranial cruciate ligament) is holding the red car 🚗 (Femur) and preventing it from sliding down the slope⛰ (Tibia).–Pic 2 (Rupture ligament): When the rope (cranial cruciate ligament) breaks, the red car🚗 (Femur) will continuously slide down the slope ⛰ (Tibia), resulting in pain.–Pic 3 (TPLO): TPLO procedure changes
Cranial cruciate rupture – Treatment options: Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)🦵 Read More »
The Extracapsular Lateral Suture Technique uses a synthetic, monofilament or braided polyethylene material to address cranial tibial subluxation (Blue dotted line). However, these extracapsular sutures are not designed for permanent stabilization, as they eventually fail over time. The objective is for the suture to remain functional for 8-12 weeks, facilitating the development of periarticular scarring
Cranial cruciate rupture – Treatment option 1: Extracapsular repair surgery🦵 Read More »
Patellar luxation occurs when the kneecap slips out of its groove, shifting medially or laterally. The patella is embedded within the tendon that connects the quadriceps muscle to the tibial tuberosity, assisting in knee straightening. The patella shields the tendon as it glides over the end of the thigh bone.Most luxations are medial and caused
Toggle pin technique involves placing an artificial ligament (Green line) to replace the round ligament and its function. However this technique is only recommended if the patient has normal hip conformation. The hip joints gets preserved unlike salvage procedures. This procedure require more precision and more involved compare to FHNE therefore it usually costs more
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![hip luxation – femoral head and neck excision [fhne]](https://drvictorpoon.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Hip-Luxation-–-Femoral-head-and-neck-excision-FHNE-1024x1024.png "Hip Luxation – Femoral head and neck excision [FHNE]")
FHNE involves surgical removal of the femoral head and neck and it’s considered as salvage procedure because once the femoral head is removed, then it will be gone forever. This will prevent bone to bone rubbing within the hip hence eliminate pain and improve quality of life (QOL). The hip subsequently be stabilized with only
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Surgical options should be considered for chronic hip luxation and hips that reluxate after closed reduction. The 2 main types of procedure include round ligament reconstruction (Toggle Pin technique) and salvage procedures (femoral head and neck excision [FHNE] or Total hip replacement [THR]). Each procedures have their pros/cons, and should be discussed prior to surgical
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Hip Luxation – caudoventral luxation.Treatment for caudalventral hip luxation is similar to craniodosal luxation. Closed reduction under general anesthesia is recommended for acute, uncomplicated hip luxation. The hind limbs are then placed in hobbles to prevent abduction of the hips for 2 weeks. Cage confinement is also essential for immobilization of the hip. If conservative
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.The most common cause of hip luxation is trauma and some of these patients have underlying hip dysplasia which predispose them to luxation with less severe trauma. The femoral head is usually dislocated dorsal to the acetabular rim, with a craniodorsal (front and up) position being the most common. It is essential to confirm hip
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